Quinoa Cuisine

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High in protein and free of gluten, Quinoa’s seeds have become staple fare in Canadian kitchens.

Ancient Incan Grain is Wildly Popular in North American Households

When I was a kid, my grandma’s pantry was always loaded with burlap sacks full of her favourite grains – oats, wheat, barley, and others that made their way into the porridge pot, soup kettle, salad bowl, and casserole dish. But one ‘grain’ that was unheard of in those days was quinoa – a foodstuff deeply rooted in South American cuisine.

Quinoa was first cultivated by the ancient Incas. They revered it as the “mother of all grains” because it could be used to nourish a woman through a healthy pregnancy,  and enrich her breastmilk for nursing the baby. Being easy to digest and a rich source of fibre, iron and calcium, quinoa is not only beneficial for moms-to-be, but is also suitable for invalids and those with a  “delicate” stomach.

Most cooks like myself consider quinoa to be a grain because it can be used like grains in many recipes. But, technically speaking, quinoa belongs to the Chenopodium or ‘goosefoot’ family; thus its ripened head is actually a seed – not a grain! Quinoa is closely related to lamb’s quarters, which was one of grandma’s favourite garden weeds for table fare, so I know she would have liked it.

Researchers classify quinoa as a ‘pseudo-cereal’, meaning that even though it is not a true grain grass it can still be ground into flour. Since quinoa is not a member of the wheat family it does not contain gluten, making it suitable for those who are gluten-intolerant or have colitis, celiac, or Crohn’s disease.

Quinoa dishes up lots of protein, thus it’s a good substitute for those trying to cut down on, or eliminate entirely, their meat intake.

Like whole grains, quinoa is reputedly a ‘heart-smart’ food that helps to reduce high blood pressure and keep arteries flowing freely. Quinoa also helps the body ward off gallstones, Type 2 diabetes, and some cancers, and is praised as being a good antioxidant and  immune system booster.




Consumer’s Guide to Quinoa

Growing demand in North America has made it easy to find quinoa at health food stores and supermarkets, and when bought in bulk it’s easy on the food budget.

Quinoa seeds (or grains) – are available in three colours: white (the most common), black, and red (a little more exotic and harder to find). They are all said to have equal nutritional value and can be used interchangeably, or mixed together for interesting combos on the plate. My motto is to choose white quinoa to accompany darker foods such as colourful lentils, beans, curries – and black or red quinoa for showcasing lighter coloured foods like pale-coloured lentils and beans, fish, eggs, etc.

Quinoa Flour – can be purchased in various grinds, from very fine to coarser textures. It can be made at home by grinding raw or dry roasted quinoa in a blender, food processor, or mill. It has a slightly nutty flavour and can be used in almost any baking recipe, but is especially nice in cookies, muffins, and other recipes that benefit from a hint of ‘nuttiness’. However, it should be noted that the lack of gluten causes risen breads to be more dense and heavier than all-purpose flour, thus mixing it with other types of flours can help lighten the loaf.

Puffed Quinoa – resembles miniature ‘puffed wheat’. It can be eaten like dry cereal, as a snacking food, or used in baking. Commercial puffed quinoa is made in a vacuum popper which produces a bigger kernel than what could be made at home.

Quinoa Flakes – are available at health food stores. The flakes have the same texture as rolled oats and can be used in the same manner.

Cooking Quinoa (Seeds/Grains)

Boiling – Quinoa triples in size upon boiling in water, and is typically fluffed up with a fork before serving. Being close in size to amaranth seeds and millet, it can be used with good results in many of the same recipes.

Rinse quinoa in a fine sieve under cold running water before cooking. This gets rid of the slightly bitter flavour caused by traces of natural protective coating called saponin. Saponin is usually removed upon processing but some traces may still remain.

My rule of thumb for cooking quinoa is to use one part quinoa to three parts water (stock or other desired liquid). This measurement yields three cups of cooked quinoa, which I find works well for most of my recipes and needs. If this is too much or too little for you, adjust accordingly. You can also increase the water if you prefer a ‘softer’ texture. I enjoy my quinoa ‘al dente’. You’ll know it’s cooked when you see the formation of the delicate little quinoa ‘curlicues’.

Dry roasting – Heat a cast iron skillet or dutch oven and dry roast the rinsed quinoa until it dries and turns golden, shaking the pan constantly to prevent scorching. This produces a nutty flavour and lighter texture.

In a rice cooker – My favourite appliance for cooking quinoa is in my electric rice cooker, which produces perfect results every time. Put quinoa and cold water into the cooker, turn it on, and cook until the liquid is absorbed, at which time the cooker will automatically turn off.




Alternately, follow the instructions according to your own manual.

On the stove top – Put quinoa and cold water into a saucepan, bring to a boil and lower the heat. Cover and simmer until the water is absorbed, about 15 to 20 minutes.


Breaking News: Katan® Kitchens (Georgetown, Ontario) has just launched the first Ontario-grown quinoa seed on the market. Their quinoa, branded Quinta® Quinoa, is high in protein, fibre and zinc, and is an excellent source of iron and magnesium. Quinta® Quinoa is currently available online at www.quintaquinoa.ca. For inquirires on retail locations, as well as bulk and wholesale orders, email service@quinta.co or call 1-844-870-2491.

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Here’s a porridge that’s so good it could come to the table as dessert! (Makes 6 servings)

Ingredients:

  • 1 cup uncooked quinoa (black adds drama to the dish)
  • 1 cup orange juice
  • 2 cups water
  • 2 or 3 mandarin oranges, peeled and sectioned
  • Pinch of ground cloves (or cinnamon)
  • Maple syrup or honey to taste
  • Almond, coconut or soy milk (optional)

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Here’s a ‘no measure, no fuss’ dish, perfect for using leftover cooked quinoa. (Serves 3 to 4)

Ingredients:

  • 1 jalapeno pepper, sliced
  • 1 cup mushrooms, sliced
  • 1 Tbsp olive oil
  • 2 organic eggs
  • 1/2 cup cooked quinoa

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This rib-sticking recipe is a real quickie to prepare! (Makes a tureen-full of soup)

Ingredients:

  • 2 Tbsp olive oil
  • 1 onion, minced
  • 1/2 stick celery, diced
  • 2 carrots, chopped
  • 4 cloves garlic, minced until soft
  • 1/2 tsp ground cumin
  • 1 tsp ground coriander
  • sea salt and pepper to taste
  • 2 cups small lentils (red, white or other), washed
  • 1 cup raw (uncooked) black or red quinoa
  • 8 cups water
  • basil to garnish, minced

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These versatile wraps are as pretty as they are tasty. When cut into small lengths, they are a perfect finger food for an appetizer platter or buffet table. Mixing and matching various coloured wraps (spinach, tomato, herb) with various coloured quinoa grains produces amazing results.
For quick suppers at our house, there are no exact measures. I simply set out the fixings (listed below) and everybody wraps and rolls their own creations.

Ingredients:

  • large tortilla wraps
  • cooked quinoa
  • low-fat mayonnaise (or mustard)
  • prepared wasabi
  • English cucumber, cut to length of wraps
  • red onion rings, shredded lettuce
  • sweet and hot pepper rings
  • fermented pickle slices (or drained sauerkraut)
  • sliced tomato
  • shredded cheese
  • sliced roast turkey, chicken or other lean cooked meat or canned fish (optional)

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These patties can be served with a green salad on the side or, when the family is having a “burger” craving, I land the patties on hearty bread or buns and serve with traditional fixings (lettuce, onion, tomato, and relish). (Makes 4 to 6 patties)

Ingredients:

  • 3 cups cooked quinoa (for this recipe you’ll find black or red quinoa produces a “meatier” colour)
  • 1 red onion, minced
  • 1/4 cup carrot, grated
  • 4 cloves garlic, minced
  • 2 cups cooked black or kidney beans, drained and mashed
  • 1/3 cup grated parmesan cheese
  • 1 tsp black pepper
  • 1/4 tsp sea salt (or to taste)
  • 1 organic egg
  • 1 cup (or more) bread crumbs (whole grain, rye, or your choice)
  • 2 Tbsp olive oil

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This is one of those versatile recipes that you can easily personalize to suit your own taste to a ‘tee’, using what you have on hand. I don’t use measures for the vegetables because I like to mix and match whatever is in season, or whatever I have in the crisper. (Serves 4 to 6)

Ingredients:

  • 1 cup cooked quinoa
  • 2 cups white (or other colour) lentils, rinsed
  • 1 onion, diced
  • 1 clove garlic, minced
  • Chopped raw vegetables (carrot, parsnip, turnip or whatever is on hand)
  • Seasonings of choice
  • Water to cover

Linda Gabris is an avid cook who enjoys sharing her grandmother’s old recipes and medicinal preparations as they were recorded in the handwritten journals passed down to her. Linda also enjoys gardening and foraging for edible wild foods. Over the years, she has taught cooking courses in Prince George, B.C., with a focus on healthy eating, food preparation, and International cuisine.

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